What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. This process, known as cellular respiration, involves breaking down glucose and other organic molecules in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from symbiotic bacteria, a theory supported by their double membrane structure and size.

In contrast, the nucleus is primarily involved in storing genetic material and coordinating cellular activities, such as growth and reproduction, while ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Chloroplasts, found in plant cells, are involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, but they do not serve the same energy-producing function as mitochondria in aerobic respiration.