What ancient civilization was located in the Andes Mountains of South America?

The Inca civilization is the correct answer because it was the dominant culture in the Andes Mountains of South America, flourishing from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The Inca Empire was known for its advanced agricultural techniques, impressive architectural achievements such as Machu Picchu, and a highly organized society that included a vast network of roads and administrative centers spread across the mountainous terrain.

In contrast, the Maya civilization was primarily located in Mesoamerica, covering parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Olmecs are considered one of the earliest civilizations in Mesoamerica but were also not in the Andes; they thrived around the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Similarly, the Aztecs inhabited central Mexico, far removed from the Andes region where the Inca resided. This geographical distinction highlights why the Inca is the correct choice for this question regarding civilization in the Andes Mountains.